North Korean Defector Children Escape 'Stateless' Status
Brian Padden
Published July 11, 2016
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SEOUL- A South Korean Christian missionary organization is helping
some of the thousands of children of North Korean defectors living in China
escape their ¡°stateless¡± status and lives of poverty and abuse.
µÎ¸®Çϳª±³È¸ÀÇ
õ±â¿ø ¸ñ»ç´Â Å»ºÏ ¾ÆÀ̵é°ú ¾ö¸¶°¡ Çѱ¹¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µ½°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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À̵éÀº Å»ºÏÀÚ ÁöÀ§¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ°í Çѱ¹ ½Ã¹ÎÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Pastor Chun Ki-won with the Durihana Church in Seoul has helped
arranged for a number of these defector children and their mothers to make their
way to South Korea, where they are granted asylum and citizenship.
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Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â Áß±¹¿¡¼ ÅÂ¾î³ Å»ºÏÀÚ ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô ´ëÇеî·Ï±Ý Áö¿ø°ú °°Àº ÀϺΠŻºÏÀÚ
Áö¿ø ÇýÅÃÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
However, Chun said, the South Korean government does limit some
defector benefits such as free university tuition to North Korean children born
in China.
õ±â¿ø
¸ñ»ç´Â ¡°ÀÏ¹Ý Å»ºÏÀÚµéÀº ´ëÇеî·Ï±ÝÀ» ȯ±Þ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀúÈñ ÇлýµéÀº
Çкñ¸¦ ³»¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÀúÈñ°¡ ±×µéÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¡±¶ó°í
Çß´Ù.
¡°General defectors can get reimbursed for the tuition but our
students must pay by themselves, so we have to help them,¡± he said.
ÀνŸŸÅ
Human trafficking
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¼öºñ °È°¡ ÀüüÀûÀÎ Å»ºÏÀÚ ¼öÀÇ °¨¼Ò¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Áß±¹À¸·Î °Ç³Ê µé¾î°¡´Â
À̵éÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ´Ù.
While increased border security has reduced the overall number
of North Korea defectors in recent years, those that are able to cross into
China are now overwhelmingly women.
ÅëÀϺο¡
µû¸£¸é Çѱ¹¿¡ ¿À´Â 80%¿¡ °¡±î¿î
Å»ºÏÀÚµéÀÌ ¿©¼ºÀÌ´Ù.
Nearly 80 percent of all North Korean defectors seeking asylum
in South Korea are women according to Seoul¡¯s Unification Ministry.
°¡»çµµ¿ì¹Ì,
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¼ö¿ä ¹× Áß±¹ ³óÃÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ½ÅºÎ ºÎÁ·À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼ö¿ä¸¦ ¸ÂÃß±â À§ÇØ ÀνŸŸŴÜÀº
±¹°æ¼öºñ´ë¿¡°Ô ³ú¹°À» °Ç³×ÁÖ°í Àý¹ÚÇÑ ºÏÇÑ ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ Áß±¹¿¡ °¥ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
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Áß±¹¿¡ ¿À¸é ±×µéÀº ¾ï¾Ð¹Þ´Â »óȲ ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¾î¶² Àαǰú ¹ýÀûÀÎ ±Ç¸®µµ º¸Àå¹ÞÁö ¸øÇϰí
»ê´Ù.
To meet a high demand in rural China, for wives, for domestic
help and for sex workers, Chun said, human traffickers bribe border guards to
allow desperate North Korean women into China, and often into abusive situations
where they have no rights and no legal status.
¡°¿©¼ºÀ» »ç°í ½Í¾î ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¤¸» ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Å»ºÏ ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ºÏÇÑ »ç¶÷µéµµ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù.¡±
¡°There are many people who want to buy the women, and there
are many North Koreans who want to defect,¡± he said.
¸¹Àº
Å»ºÏÀÚµéÀÌ Áß±¹¿¡¼ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ Ãâ»êÇÑ´Ù.
2012³â
ÅëÀÏ¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ ÀÚ·á¿¡ µû¸£¸é Áß±¹¿¡´Â 30,000¸í Á¤µµÀÇ
Å»ºÏÀÚ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÈ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
Many North Korean defectors have given birth to children in
China. In 2012 The Korea Institute for National Unification estimated that there
were about 30,000 children of escaped North Korean women in China.
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Living in exile
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µû¸£¸é Áß±¹Àº ±¹Á¦ ¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó ³¹ÎµéÀ» º¸È£ÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸
Áß±¹Àº Å»ºÏÀÚµéÀ» ³¹ÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ºÒ¹ýÀ̹ÎÀÚµé·Î ±ÔÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
Human rights organizations say China has an obligation to protect
refugees under international law but Beijing has labeled North Korean defectors
as illegal migrants.
Ȱµ¿°¡µéÀº
Å»ºÏÀÚ ÀÚ³àµéÀº Áß±¹¿¡¼´Â ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ¸ç ±³À°À̳ª ÀÇ·á ÇýÅÃÀ» ¹ÞÁöµµ
¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
±×µéÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ´Ã ºÏ¼ÛµÇ¾î °¨¿Á¿¡ °¤Èú À§Çè ¼Ó¿¡¼ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Activists say North Korean children in China are not considered
citizens and often have no access to school or health care. And their mothers
live in constant fear they will be deported back to North Korea and sent to
prison.
Å»ºÏÀÚÀÎ
15»ìÀÇ ÇÑ¿¹½½¾çÀº
¡°Á¦°¡ Áß±¹¿¡¼ »ì ¶§´Â Á¤¸» À§ÇèÇß¾î¿ä. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Çѱ¹¿¡¼´Â ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô »ì ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¿ä¡±¶ó°í
ÀüÇÑ´Ù.
¡°When I was living in China, it was very dangerous, but here
in Korea I am living with freedom,¡± said Han Ye-seul, a 15-year-old North Korea defector.
õ±â¿ø
¸ñ»çÀÇ µµ¿òÀ¸·Î ±¸ÃâµÈ ÇÑ¿¹½½¾çÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÑ ¸¹Àº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ Ã¼Á¦ÀÎ ºÎ¿äÇÑ
Çѱ¹¿¡¼ Àß ÀûÀÀÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï »çȸÀû,
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´É·ÂÀ» ÇÔ¾çÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼¿ï¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µÎ¸®Çϳª ±¹Á¦Çб³¸¦ ´Ù´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù.
She and many of the children rescued by Pastor Chun attend the
Durihana International School in Seoul, where they learn educational and social
skills to better assimilate in the prosperous and democratic South.
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¿©¸§ ÀÌ Å»ºÏÀÚ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ´º¿å½Ã¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¡®¾î¸°¾ç±³È¸¡¯¿¡¼ Àç¹Ì±³Æ÷
Çлýµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¿µ¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ì°í ÀÖ´Ù.
This summer, the defector children are studying English with
a group of mostly Korean-American students from the Little Flock Church in New
York City.
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°°ÀÌ ¿ô°í ³î°í ÀÖ´Â µÎ ±×·ìÀ» ±¸º°Çϱâ´Â ½±Áö ¾ÊÀ¸³ª ±×µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ¿Â ¼¼»óÀº ³Ê¹«³ª
´Ù¸£´Ù.
It is difficult to tell the two groups apart as they laugh and
play in the hallways but they are separated by the vastly different worlds from
which they came.
20»ì Å»ºÏÀÚÀÎ
À¯Àº°æÀº Åõ¿ÁµÇ°Å³ª ´õÇÑ À§Çè °ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» °¨¼öÇÏ°í º¸´Ù ³ªÀº »îÀ» ã¾Æ ³ª¼³
¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â ¸ð±¹¿¡¼ÀÇ Àý¹ÚÇÑ °¡³°ú ±¾ÁÖ¸²À» ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù.
Yu Eun-kyung, a 20-year-old North Korean defector, remembers
the dire poverty and hunger in her homeland that prompted her family to risk
imprisonment or worse in search of a better life.
¡°°Å¸®¿¡ Ç®ÀÌ º°·Î ¾ø¾ú¾î¿ä. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À½½Äº¸´Ù Ç®À» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¸Ô¾ú°Åµç¿ä.¡±
¡°There was not much grass on the street. People ate grass more
than food,¡± said Yu.
1990³â´ë¿¡ ºÏÇÑÀº
3¹é¸¸ ¸í
Á¤µµ°¡ Á×Àº ½É°¢ÇÑ °¡¹³À» °Þ¾ú´Ù.
³óºÎµé¿¡°Ô
µ¿±âºÎ¿©¸¦ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ ½ÃÀå °³Çõ°ú ´õºÒ¾î ÀÌ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡ÀÇ »óȲÀº Á¶±Ý
³ª¾ÆÁ³À¸³ª ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ °¡³ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸ç ½Ä·®ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ »óȲÀÌ´Ù.
In the 1990s North Korea experienced a severe famine that killed
around three million people. While conditions in the communist country have
improved due in part to market reforms that give some incentives to farmers,
widespread poverty and food shortages still exist.
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Scars that remain
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ÀÖ´Â ÀϺΠŻºÏÇлýµéÀº °ú°Å Áß±¹¿¡¼ °ÞÀº Çдë·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ȸº¹ ÁßÀÌ´Ù.
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±èÃá¿ì¾çÀº ±×³àÀÇ Áß±¹ÀÎ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ±×³à¸¦ Ä®·Î Â ÈäÅͰ¡ ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù.
Some North Korean students in Seoul are still recovering from
past abuse suffered during their years in China, but 11-year-old Kim Choon-woo
also carries physical scars from when she was stabbed by her Chinese father.
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¡°¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÇÁ¼Å¼ ±×·¯¼Ì¾î¿ä¡±¶ó°í
¸»Çß´Ù.
¡°My father did it because he was mentally ill,¡± Kim said.
õ±â¿ø
¸ñ»ç´Â ±èÃá¿ì¾çÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ µþÀ» Á׿´´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ½º½º·Î »ýÀ» ¸¶°¨Çß´Ù°í
ÇÑ´Ù.
õ¸ñ»ç°¡
µ½°í ÀÖ´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿©¼ºµé°ú ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ¸ðµÎ ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂÀÇ Çдë ȤÀº ÂøÃ븦 ´çÇß´Ù°í
ÇÑ´Ù.
Pastor Chun said Kim¡¯s father committed suicide because he
thought he killed his daughter. Most of the North Korean women and children
his church is helping, the pastor said, have experienced some type of abuse
or exploitation.
±èÃá¿ì¾çÀº
¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ Çѱ¹¿¡ ¿Í¼ ÀçÈ¥À» ÇßÀ¸¸ç ÀÌÁ¦´Â ÇູÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
Kim adds that her mother has since remarried in South Korea
and that she is happy here.
Çѱ¹Àº
ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼ ¿Â Àڵ鿡°Ô ¡°³¹Î¡±À̶ó´Â
Ç¥Çöº¸´Ù´Â ¡°Å»ºÏÀÚ¡±¶ó´Â
Ç¥ÇöÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
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°æÁ¦ÀûÀÌ°í »ýÁ¸À» À§ÇØ Å»ÃâÇϰí À־ ±èÁ¤ÀºÀÇ ¾ï¾ÐÀûÀÎ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ Á¤±ÇÀ» Å»ÃâÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀÓÀ» °Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇؼÀÌ´Ù.
South Korea uses the term ¡°defector¡± rather than ¡°refugee¡± for North Korean asylum seekers to connote that they are escaping
the repressive, communist political system of the Kim Jong Un government, even
if they are motivated by economic and basic human needs.
Youmi Kim in Seoul contributed to this report.