Å»ºÏ
¾ÆÀÌµé »õ·Î¿î »î ÀûÀÀ ³ë·Â
Defector children strive
to adapt to new life
¼±ÀÔ°ß°ú Æ®¶ó¿ì¸¶°¡ ¾î¸° Å»ºÏÀÚµéÀ»
Èûµé°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
Social stigma, trauma haunt young
escapees of North Korea.
Å»ºÏÇÑ ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ±×°¡ 13»ìÀ̶ó°í ÇßÁö¸¸ 8»ì Á¤µµ»ÓÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î º¸¿´°í 6»ì Á¤µµÀÇ
±Û¾¾Ã¼¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
The refugee from North Korea said he was 13 years old,
but looked nearer 8 and had the penmanship of a 6-year-old.
¡°ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼ Çб³¿¡ ´Ù´ÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾î¿ä. ´Ù´Ï´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ º°·Î
¾ø¾ú¾î¿ä.¡±¶ó°í ÀÌ ³²ÀÚ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ÄÚ¸®¾Æ Çì·²µå¿¡ ¸»ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼
µ¹¾Æ°¡¼Ì°í ´©³ª´Â ½ÇÁ¾µÇ¾ú´Ù°í Çß´Ù.
¡°I didn¡¯t go to school in North Korea. Few children back
there did,¡± the boy told The Korea Herald, anonymously. His father passed away
in an unspecified event back in the communist country and his older sister is
missing.
Çѱ¹¿¡ ¿À´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¸¦ À§ÇØ »õ·Î¿î ±âȸµéÀ» ¿¾îÁÖ¾úÀ¸³ª ±×´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »õ·Î¿î
¹®È¿Í ȯ°æ ±×¸®°í »õ·Î¿î »î¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇϴµ¥ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ´À³¢°í ÀÖ´Ù°í Çß´Ù.
The escape to the South opened up new opportunities for him,
but he says he still has trouble adapting to the new culture, new environment
and new life.
¡°Çѱ¹ ¾ÖµéÀ̶û °ÅÀÇ ¾È ³î¾Æ¿ä. ³î¸®°í Á¦ ¾ï¾çÀ» °®°í ³î¸®¸ç
Á¦°¡ ÇÏ´Â ¸»À» µû¶ó ÇØ¿ä.¡±
¡°I hardly ever hang out with South Korean kids.
They all make fun of me, mimicking my accent and repeating what I say.¡±
¾ÆÀÌ´Â ¶Ç·¡º¸´Ù 30¼¾Æ¼ Á¤µµ ÀÛ¾Ò°í ¸»¼ö°¡ Àû¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×ÀÇ ²À ´Ù¹® ÀÔ°ú °Ì¿¡
Áú¸° ´«Àº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ÇÒ ¾ê±â°¡ ÀÖ¾î º¸¿´´Ù. Å»ºÏ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ¼±ÀÔ°ß, ±³À° ºÎÁ· ±×¸®°í
»õ·Î¿î ¹®È¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¾öû³ °úÁ¦ ¶§¹®¿¡ Çѱ¹¿¡¼ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î »î¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇϴµ¥
¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ´Â´Ù.
The boy, standing nearly a foot shorter than his classmates,
did not talk much, but his clamped mouth and eyes full of fear told a story
of their own. Young defectors from North Korea often have trouble adapting to
their new environment in the South due to prejudice against defectors, a lack
of studying and the herculean task of taking in a completely different culture.

|
È¿äÀÏ ³¯
µÎ¸®Çϳª ±¹Á¦Çб³ ÇлýµéÀÌ ±³Àå¼±»ý´ÔÀ̽Šõ±â¿ø ¸ñ»ç(Á¦ÀÏ ¿À¸¥ÂÊ)ÀÇ
¸»¾¸À» µè°í ÀÖ´Ù.(±è¸í¼·/ÄÚ¸®¾ÆÇì·²µå) Students
at the Durihana International School listen as their principal,
Pastor Chun Ki-won (right), speaks on Tuesday.(Kim Myung-sub/The
Korea Herald) |
Å»ºÏ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» À§ÇÑ µÎ¸®Çϳª ±¹Á¦Çб³¸¦ À̲ô´Â õ±â¿ø ¸ñ»ç´Â ºÏÇÑÀÇ Ã³ÂüÇÑ
Çö½Ç°ú ±× ³ª¶ó·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ Å»Ãâ°úÁ¤Àº ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô Å« Ãæ°ÝÀ¸·Î ³²´Â´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
Pastor Chun Ki-won, who heads the Durihana International
School for defector children, said the brutal reality of the North and the escape
from the country tend to leave children traumatized.
¡°°¡Àå Å« ¹®Á¦´Â ±¹°æÀ» ³Ñ´Â ¼ø°£ Å»ºÏ °¡Á¤µéÀÌ ¿ÍÇØµÈ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶§·Î ¾ö¸¶µéÀº ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â °áÈ¥ÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÁß±¹³²Àڵ鿡°Ô ÆÈ¸³´Ï´Ù.¡±
¡°The biggest problem is that (defectors¡¯) family
are dissolved the moment they cross the border. Sometimes mothers are ¡®sold¡¯
to men in China in a form of unwanted marriage,¡± the pastor said.
¹«³ÊÁø °¡Á¤, ÀâÈú °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿ò ±×¸®°í ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼ÀÇ ±¾ÁÖ¸²°ú °íÅëÀº ÀÌ
¾î¸° ¿µÈ¥µéÀ» ±«·ÓÈù´Ù. 13»ìÂ¥¸® ¿©ÀÚ¾ÆÀÌ´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ Çб³¿¡¼ Ä£±¸µé°ú ¼ö¾÷³»¿ëÀ»
µû¶óÀâÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾î¼ µÎ¸®Çϳª·Î ¿Ã ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í Çß´Ù.
Broken families, fear of being caught and the memories
of hunger and pain back in the hermit kingdom are what ails the young minds.
A 13-year-old girl said she had to move to Durihana because she could not keep
up with her classmates.
Çпø¿¡ °¡°í °ú¿Ü¸¦ ¹Þ±â´ÂÄ¿³ç Å»ºÏ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ°¡ Á¤¸» Àû´Ù.
ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ´õ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£°ú ³ë·ÂÀ» µé¿© ¸ðÀÚ¶õ ±³À°À» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸¹Àº Å»ºÏÀÚµéÀº
°øºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ö Áß¿äÇÑÁö ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
Far from going to private institutes and receiving help
from tutors, defector children have only minimal opportunities to learn. Although
these children need to spend more time and effort to make up for the lack of
education, many defectors fail to see the importance of studying.
õ¸ñ»ç´Â À̰ÍÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¾ï¾ÐÀûÀΠȯ°æ¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶ú±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
ºÏÇÑ¿¡ »ì´ø »ç¶÷Àº »ì±â À§Çؼ ¹«¾ùÀ̵ç ÇÏ´Â º»´ÉÀ» Ű¿ì°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
This is largely due to living in one of the most repressive
environments in the world, according to Chun. He said that former residents
from the North have often developed an instinct of doing anything necessary
to survive.
¡°À½½ÄÀ» À§ÇØ ½Î¿ìÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é »ì¾Æ³²Áö ¸øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀαÇ, À±¸®,
µµ´ö¼ºÀº »î°ú Á×À½ÀÇ °æ°è¿¡ ¼ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ¶°¿À¸£Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À̰ÍÀÌ À̵鿡°Ô
Á¦2ÀÇ º»´ÉÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö·È½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸±â¿¡ Çѱ¹¿¡¼ÀÇ »îÀÌ ´õ ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ´©±¸µµ
¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ±³À°½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.¡±
¡°If
they don¡¯t fight for their food, they don¡¯t live. Civil rights, ethics and
morality are all good, but you cannot think about those things on the brink
of life or death,¡± said Chun. ¡°This became nearly second nature for them,
which makes life in South Korea difficult. Hardly any of them feel the need
to educate their children.¡±
¾ÆÀÌµé ¶ÇÇÑ ÀâÈúÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â °øÆ÷¿Í ºÒ¾È¿¡ ½Ã´Þ¸®°í ºÎ¸ð°¡ ÀÚ±âµéÀ» ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â
ºÐ³ë¿Í Àý¸Á°¨À» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ºÒ¾È°¨À» º¸¿´°í ¶³¾îÁø °¡Á·µé¿¡
´ëÇØ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¾ð±ÞÇϱ⸦ ²¨·ÁÇß´Ù.
The children too fell prey to the fear and anxiety of being
caught, resentment and despair of not being wanted by their parents. Many showed
signs of anxiety and refrained from going into details about their separated
families.
¡°¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Ã³À½ ¿ì¸® Çб³¿¡ ¿ÔÀ» ¶§ ¼¼»ó°ú ºÎ¸ð´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¹Ì¿òÀ¸·Î °¡µæÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ¿åÀ» Çß°í ½Î¿ï ¶§´Â ÇǸ¦ º¸·Á°í ½Î¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ
¾ÆÀ̵éÀº Áö½ÄÀ» ½ÀµæÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ÁöÇý°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ °¡¸£Ä¡°íÀÚ
ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÃÖ°í°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±
¡°When the children first came to our school, they
were full of hatred toward the world and their parents. They spoke in bitter
curses and when they fought, they fought for blood,¡± said Chun. ¡°I felt these
children need to obtain wisdom before they acquire knowledge. The message I
try to convey is ¡®being the best isn¡¯t the only thing that¡¯s important.¡¯¡±
Á¤½ÅÀû ¿Ü»óÀ» ÀÔÀº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Á¿î ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼
õ¸ñ»ç´Â À½¾ÇÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÈÇÕÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °¡¸£Ä¡±â À§ÇØ Çб³ ÇÕâ´ÜÀ»
±¸¼ºÇß´Ù.
Accessing the traumatized children¡¯s hearts is a tall
order, and Chun turned to music for help. In order to teach the children the
values of cooperation, the school formed a choir.
óÀ½¿¡´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ÈÀ½À¸·Î ³ë·¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ÀڱⰡ ³ë·¡ÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå Å« ¼Ò¸®·Î ³ë·¡Çß´Ù. ¡°°¢ÀÚ ÀڽŸ¸ ì±â´Â °Í¡±ÀÌ
¾Æ´Â °ÍÀÇ ÀüºÎ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
At first, the children
did not understand the concept of singing in harmony. They would all sing as
loud as they could, because ¡°every person for themselves¡± was the only way
of life they knew.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ º»ÀεéÀÇ ³ë·¡ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ µè°í´Â ¾ó¸¶³ª ²ûÂïÇß´ÂÁö ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
But upon hearing their singing, they realized how horrible it was.
õ¸ñ»ç´Â ¡°¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº »îÀÌ ¡°³ª¡±¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°ú ´õºÒ¾î »ç´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù,¡±¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
¡°Our goal was to let them realize that it¡¯s not just
about ¡®me,¡¯ but people have to live alongside others,¡± Chun said.
ÇѶ§ ÀºµÐÀÚ °°´ø ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ²®ÁúÀ» ±ú°í ³ª¿À±â ½ÃÀÛÇØ¼ ÀüÇô ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé
¾Õ¿¡¼ °ø¿¬À» ÇÒ Á¤µµÀÇ ¿ë±â¸¦ °®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
The once-reclusive students gradually started to come out
of their shells, even braving to participate in performances in front of complete
strangers.
¡°ÇÕâ´Ü¿¡¼ ³ë·¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ¾Æ¿ä. °°ÀÌ ÇϳªÃ³·³ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ
ÁÁ¾Æ¿ä,¡± µÎ¸®ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÑ ³²ÇлýÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ÇлýÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª °ø¿¬À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´ÂÁö´Â
¸ñ¼Ò¸®¿¡¼ ´À²¸Áö´Â ÈïºÐ°ú ¾ó±¼ÀÇ ¼³·¹ À̴ ǥÁ¤¿¡¼ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
¡°I like singing in a choir because we get to work together,
become like one,¡± said one of the boys at Durihana. Although crudely put, the
boy¡¯s fondness toward performing was hinted in the excitement of his voice
and the eager expression on his face.
À½¾ÇÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ¿òÁ÷À̱⠽ÃÀÛÇßÁö¸¸ Çѱ¹ÀÌ ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÁýÀÌ
µÇ´Â °úÁ¤Àº ÀÌÁ¦ ½ÃÀÛÀÌ´Ù.
While music played its part in penetrating the children¡¯s
hearts, the process of making South Korea their true home is far from over.
õ¸ñ»ç´Â ¡°¿µî°¨, È¥ÀÚ ³²´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿ò, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
¾èÀâ¾Æº¼ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý°¢µéÀÌ ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ¾îµÓ°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù,¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
¡°A sense of inferiority, fear of being alone and the thought
that others will look down on them looms over the defector children,¡± Chun
said.
±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Å»ºÏ ¾ÆÀ̵é°ú ±×µéÀÇ ±³À°ÀÌ ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù ¿¸ÁÇß´ø ÅëÀÏÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø
ÈÄ µÎ ³ª¶óÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ±Øº¹Çϴµ¥ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. õ¸ñ»ç´Â ¸ñ¼ûÀ» °É°í ±×µéÀ»
µµ¿ì¸ç Áß±¹ °¨¿Á¿¡ °¤ÇôÀֱ⠱îÁö ÇßÁö¸¸ Å»ºÏÀÚµéÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸¶À½À» ¿©´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í
ÇÑ´Ù.
Ultimately, defector children and their education is the
key for the Koreas overcoming their differences in seeking long-coveted unification,
Chun said. The pastor said it was impossible to get defectors to truly open
up, despite risking his life, even serving time in Chinese prison, to rescue
them.
¡°±×µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ´À³¢´ÂÁö ¾È´Ù°í ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸»ÇØÁ־ °á±¹
±×µéÀº ¡®ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸ñ»ç´ÔÀº Çѱ¹ »ç¶÷ÀÌÀݾƿ䡯 ¶ó°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡±
¡°No matter how much I try to convince them that I understand
what they are feeling, they always end up saying, ¡®but you¡¯re from South Korea.¡¯¡±
Chun said.
¡°Å»ºÏ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Èñ¸ÁÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº
¾ç±¹¿¡ ´Ù »ì¾Æº¸¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌÁö¿ä. À̵éÀº Çѱ¹°ú ºÏÇÑÀÇ ¹®È¿Í »ç°í¹æ½ÄÀ» ¾Ë°í
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀûÀýÇÑ ±³À°À» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ÅëÀÏ·Î °¡´Â ±æÀ» À̲ø¾î ÁÙ °Å¶ó°í
¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù.¡±
¡°The reason I say defector children are our hope is because
they have lived in both Koreas. They know the culture and mindsets of people
from two different societies. With the proper education, I believe they can
lead us on our path toward reunification.¡±
2014-06-12 20:40 By Yoon Min-sik(minsikyoon@heraldcorp.com)